How to calculate photovoltaic array power

Core formula:

P_pv (kW) = [Pump input power (kW) ÷ total system efficiency (η_sys)] × redundancy coefficient

o Parameter analysis:

-Total system efficiency (η_sys):

includes controller efficiency (MPPT efficiency, about 95%) and line loss (about 95%), which is usually taken as 0.9.

-Redundancy coefficient:

In order to deal with the power attenuation of photovoltaic panels, dust shading, temperature rise and other factors, it is usually increased by 1.3-1.5 redundancy.

Example:

P_pv = (11 kW ÷ 0.9) × 1.3 ≈ 15.9 kW

Conclusion: You need to install solar panels with a total power of about 16 kW.