Popular science | the basic introduction of solar photovoltaic pump

Solar Pumping System  is also known as photovoltaic pump. That is, the photovoltaic water raising system that uses the electricity emitted by the photovoltaic array to drive the water pump. The whole system is mainly composed of photovoltaic array, solar water inverter and water pump. It is an optoelectromechanical integration system that has developed rapidly in recent years, and it is the most attractive water supply method in the sun-rich areas of the world today, especially in remote areas without electricity.

I. System composition:
1, photovoltaic Array : also known as solar cell modules, mainly converts the sun's light energy into electricity, to the load pump motor to provide working power.
2, Solar Pumping Inverter or controller: the operation of the solar pump control and regulation, with the solar array issued by the electric energy to drive the pump, and according to the change of sunshine intensity, real-time adjustment of the output frequency, so that the output power close to the maximum power of the solar battery array.
3, pump  : usually lift liquid, transport liquid or increase the pressure of liquid, that is, the mechanical energy of the prime mover into liquid energy, so as to achieve the purpose of pumping liquid machines are collectively referred to as pumps.

2. Operation process:
The power generated by solar cells is used to drive DC, permanent magnet, brushless, senorless, fixed rotor double plastic sealed motor or high efficiency induction motor or high speed switched reluctance motor to drive high efficiency water pump through maximum power point tracking, conversion and control devices, which can lift water from the deep surface to the ground for farmland irrigation or human and animal drinking.

Iii. Classification:
1, DC brushless solar water pump (motor type) :
The motor brushless DC pump is composed of a brushless DC motor and an impeller. The shaft of the motor is connected with the impeller, there is a gap between the stator and the rotor of the pump, and the water will penetrate into the motor for a long time, increasing the possibility of the motor burning out.
Advantages: brushless DC motor has been standardized, there are specialized manufacturers mass production, relatively low cost, high efficiency.

2, brushless DC magnetic isolation solar water pump:
The brushless DC pump uses electronic components to reverse, without the use of carbon brush to reverse, the use of high-performance wear-resistant ceramic shaft and ceramic bushing, the bushing through the injection molding and the magnet as a whole to avoid wear, so the life of the brushless DC magnetic pump is greatly enhanced.
The stator part and rotor part of the magnetic isolation pump are completely isolated, the stator and circuit board part are potting with epoxy resin, 100% waterproof, the rotor part is made of permanent magnet, the pump body is made of environmentally friendly materials, low noise, small volume and stable performance. Various required parameters can be adjusted through the winding of the stator, and wide voltage operation can be performed.
Advantages: Long life, low noise up to 35dB, can be used for hot water circulation. The stator and circuit board parts of the motor are pot-sealed with epoxy resin and completely isolated from the rotor, which can be installed underwater and are completely waterproof. The shaft of the pump is made of high-performance ceramic shaft with high precision and good shock resistance.

3. The three-phase AC pump is driven by the three-phase AC motor.
Unlike a DC system, a solar AC pump consists of a solar array (which provides power), a solar water raising inverter (which converts DC to AC while controlling the motor frequency), and a three-phase AC motor pump.
Advantages: The three-phase AC motor pump in the system can be replaced with the commercially available electric or diesel driven AC pump, and the compatibility is very good. At the same time, the AC pump breaks through the power limit of the DC pump, and the power can be applied from 150 watts to 105 kilowatts, which is suitable for the needs of large-scale farmland, desert management and irrigation.

4. Advantages:
1, reliable: long life, photovoltaic power rarely use moving parts, reliable work;
2, safe, no noise, low power consumption, no other public hazards. Does not produce any solid, liquid and gas harmful substances, absolute environmental protection;
3, simple installation and maintenance, suitable for unattended, especially for its high reliability and attention;
4, good compatibility, photovoltaic power generation can be used with other energy sources, but also according to the need to make the photovoltaic system is very convenient to increase capacity;
5, high degree of standardization, can be connected by the series of components to meet the needs of different electricity, strong versatility;
6, solar energy is everywhere, a wide range of applications.
7, with good long-term economy, especially compared with common diesel engine pumping, has overwhelming economic advantages.