13-15th June 2024 SNEC PV POWER+ EXPO in Shanghai National Convention and Exhibition Center

The solar water pump system is a photomechanical and electrical integration system that uses solar energy to lift water that has developed rapidly in recent years. The basic working principle is to use solar cell components to form an array, convert solar energy directly into electrical energy, and then drive various motors to drive high-efficiency and energy-saving water pumps to lift water from rivers, lakes, deep wells and other water sources. The solar water pump system "operates at sunrise and rests at sunset". It operates fully automatically, has no noise and is highly reliable. It has been widely used around the world, especially in developing countries. The photovoltaic water pump system is roughly composed of four parts: photovoltaic array, controller, motor and water pump.

1. Photovoltaic array
Many solar cells are connected in series and parallel to form a photovoltaic array, which directly converts solar energy into DC electrical energy. Most of the solar cells currently used in photovoltaic water pump systems are silicon solar cells, including monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon solar cells. A solar cell's maximum power rating is also its maximum power output.

2. Controller
The power output of the photovoltaic array is closely related to solar irradiance, ambient temperature, cloudy, sunny, rain, fog and other meteorological conditions. The output changes with the sunshine is the DC power, and the photovoltaic water pump and DC motor that are the loads of the photovoltaic array , AC motors and even other new motors are used as its driving motor. In this case, the photovoltaic pump system must work to provide it with ideal working conditions, and the maximum potential of the photovoltaic array output power must be exerted for any sunshine. , which requires an adapter. The contents of the adapter are mainly maximum power point trackers, inverters and some protection facilities.

3. Motor and water pump
Other measures of the photovoltaic water pump system are all to produce more water stably and reliably, or in other words, they must be implemented in the work of the motor and water pump. They can form an assembly, which requires maximum reliability. and high efficiency. For photovoltaic water pumps, the matching of motors and water pumps is not as simple as the common matching of motors and water pumps. Since the power level and voltage level of the motor are largely restricted by the voltage level and power level of the solar cell array, therefore When the requirements for water pump lift and flow are reflected on the motor, it must generally be specially designed taking into account the array structure. Due to the different requirements of different users, the driving motors for photovoltaic water pumps include: traditional DC motors of different voltage levels, brushless DC permanent magnet motors, three-phase asynchronous motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, reluctance motors, etc.Judging from the current usage, three-phase asynchronous motors and brushless DC motors are the most common, and high-power systems mainly use high-efficiency three-phase asynchronous motors. The selection and design of water pumps in photovoltaic water pump systems also have some characteristics. According to users' different requirements for flow and head, economy and reliability, the pump type can often be selected according to the following principles: Users who choose positive displacement water pumps generally require high head and small flow; they require large flow and high head. Users who require larger flow rates but lower head should generally use self-priming water pumps.

Compared with diesel water pumps, solar water pumps can last for more than 20 years and have the advantages of low operating costs and little or no maintenance. The promotion and application of solar water pump systems not only have a better effect on solving the deterioration of the ecological environment such as land desertification and vegetation reduction, but also can effectively provide water for people in highly dispersed areas such as pastoral areas, border defenses, outposts, island sites, and nature reserves. guarantee.